Ankle sprains are extremely common and include injury to the ligaments around the ankle joint. An ankle sprain can occur during participation in high level sports or as simple as walking on uneven ground.
By rolling the ankle in one direction it’s stretches the ligaments on the opposite side causing them to stretch and sometimes tear. The most common form of an ankle sprain is an inversion injury where the foot falls inwards and this results in injury to the ligaments on the outer side of the ankle. Injury to the ligaments occurs when they are stretched beyond their normal length and can no longer withstand the force placed upon them. The extent to the injury is classified according grades.
- Grade 1: Stretching of the ligaments
- Grade 2: Partial tearing of the ligaments
- Grade 3: Complete tear of the ligaments
Symptoms may be immediate or delayed and can include:
- Difficulty weight bearing
- Pain
- Swelling and bruising
- Reduced ankle movement
- Altered sensation
How to treat:
Generally the higher the grade of the injury the more significant the swelling and bruising will be. Early intervention can improve recovery time and assist in returning to sport or daily activities more quickly. A physiotherapist can use clinical testing to determine the grade of injury, assist in pain management and begin rehabilitation. Physiotherapy may include:
- Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Referral (RICER)
- Taping
- Crutches
- Massage and mobilisation
- Imaging referral where necessary
- Electrotherapy modalities
- Prescription and fitting of walkers or braces
- A rehabilitation program to restore strength, balance and coordination in aim to return to sport and regular activities.
If left untreated ankle sprains can cause ongoing issues with pain and instability in the future.